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呵呵。不好意思,我忘发了。
第五讲 社会符号学意义与汉英翻译
The Meaning of Social Semiotics and C-E Translation
Translation to last
十三陵
he Ming Tombs
十三陵位于北京西北郊。离城约五十公里,是中国明朝十三个封建皇帝的陵墓。
The Ming Tombs are located about 50 kilometers to the northwest of Beijing. They are the tombs of the thirteen feudal emperors of the Ming dynasty (1368-1644).
长陵是明朝第三代皇帝的陵墓,是十三陵中修建最早、规模最大的一座。这座陵墓的前边有一个大宫殿,是明朝统治 者举行祭祀的地方。
Zhangling, tomb of the third emperor of the Ming dynasty, is the earliest and largest one among the thirteen tombs. In front of the tomb is a hall. It is the place where the Ming rulers offered sacrifices.
这个大殿修建于一四二七年,面积共一千九百多平方米,是中国现在最大的木结构古建筑之一。
The big hall, built in 1427 and with an area of 1,900 square meters, is one of the biggest extant ancient wooden structures in China.
殿里有几十根大木柱,其中四根最大的高14、3米,直径1、17米,两个人抱不过来。
In the hall there are several tens of big wooden columns, the largest four among which are each 14.3 meters high and 1.7 meters in diameter. Two men with their arms stretched cannot encircle one column.
定陵在长陵的西南面,它是明朝朱钧皇帝的陵墓。他统治中国四十八年(1573----1620)。在他当上皇帝的第十二年就开始修筑自己的陵墓。那时他才二十三岁。
Dingling is the tomb of Emperor Zhu Yijun, who ruled China for 48 years (1575-1620). In his twelfth year as emperor he began to build his tomb. At that time he was only 23 years old.
定陵的墓室-------地下宫殿,面积一千九百多平方米,由前、中、后和左右五个殿组成,全是石结构,没有柱子。前殿、中殿和后殿,有三座大石门,石门很大,每座重八吨。
Dingling's tomb chamber, the underground palace, has an area of 1,900 square meters. It consists of five halls----front, middle, rear, left and right. They are all stone structures without columns. The front, middle and rear halls have a big stone gate each. They are very big, each weighing 8 tons.
修建定陵前后用了六年时间,每天有三万多民工参加极端艰苦的劳动,不少民工在劳动中失去了生命。
It took altogether 6 years to build Dingling. Every day 30,000 civilian laborers took part in the extremely hard labor, in the course of which many of them lost their lives.
1、 什么是社会符号学意义
符号学(semiotics)是研究符号指意系统的科学。皮尔斯提出了“符号学”的名称和第一个全面的符号学研究纲领。但对符号学发展做出实质性贡献的却是莫里斯。他区分了符号关系的三个方面,指出:符号与其所指称或描写的实体与事件之间的关系是语义关系,符号与符号之间的关系是符号句法关系,符号与符号使用者之间的关系是语用关系。与这三种关系相对应的,就是语言符号(包括音素、音节、词素、词、短语、分句、句子乃至话语)的三类意义,即指称意义、言内意义和语用意义。
2、 指称意义的概念与汉英翻译
指称意义(referential meaning),也就是我们平常所说的概念意义(ideational meaning)它是语言符号(包括句子)和它所描绘或叙述的主观世界或客观世界的实体或事件之间的关系,它主要同交际主题有关。换句话说,它是指词语、句子和篇章反映的客观世界。
比如:
月亮:
moon
他仰望着蔚蓝色的天空。
He looked up at the blue sky
这些鲜花多美啊!
How lovely these flowers are!
指称意义和字面意义(literal meaning)虽然在大部分情况下是重合的,却是从两个不同角度去看的两个不同概念。指称意义是词语同她之外的某个实体之间的关系,而字面意义则是单个词语最先在语言使用者脑中唤起的概念或形象。当译者从指称意义的角度考虑问题时,是把源语信息中具有相对独立的交际能力的一个词语同它所指称的实体联系起来,然后在译语中找出同样一个实体的对等说法。而从字面意义的角度考虑问题时,则是把源语单个的词最常见的意义换用译语中具有这种意义的符号去表示。
例如:
1)知之为知之,不知为不知,是知也。
When you know a thing, to hold that you know it, and when you do not know a thing, to allow that you do not know it——this is knowledge.
2)南京的风俗:但凡新媳妇进门,三日就要到厨下收拾一样菜,发个利市。这菜一定是鱼,取“富贵有余”的意思。
The custom in Nanjing is for all brides to invite good luck by going to the kitchen on the third day and cooking a fish, which stands for fortune.
3、 指称意义的翻译方法
汉英词语的指称意义的翻译一般可采用直译法为主,意译、音译、音译与意译相结合的方法为辅。
例如:
1)延安的歌声是黑夜的火把,雪天的煤炭,大旱的甘霖。
Songs of Yan’an are torches in the dark night, charcoal fire in the snowy weather, and timely rainfall in a severe drought.
2)生产多么需要科学!
革命多么需要科学!
人民多么需要科学!
Our production is in burning need of science!
Our revolution is in burning need of science!
Our people are in burning need of science!
3)刘玉翠回到村里,就好比是住进了监牢里。(明喻)
Having returned to the village, Liu Yucai felt as if she had got into the prison.
4) 霎时间,东西长安街成了喧腾的大海。(暗喻)
At once, the Eastern and Western Chang’an Roads became roaring oceans.
5)群山肃立,江河挥泪,辽阔的祖国大地沉静在巨大的悲痛之中。(拟人)
The mountains are standing in solemn silence; the rivers are shedding bitter tears; our vast motherland is soaked in enormous grief.
6)突然,在我们头顶上五六丈的上空,发出一声可怕的霹雳,闪电像利剑一样直插下来,天空被彻底吹裂了,震碎了。(夸张)
All of a sudden, there came a terrible thunder-clap about fifty feet directly above our heads, and a bolt thrust downward like a sharp sword. The sky was brought into pieces.
意译译例:
卜卜卜——机关枪的声音跟着又来。(拟声 onomatopoeia)
The staccato chatter of a machine gun was heard again.
招风若草
look for trouble (死译 invite wind to exasperate the grass)
外甥打灯笼——照舅(照旧)
act according to the old ways (死译 the nephew carrying a lantern——showing the way for his uncle)
音译法举例
音译法是指用音位为单位在英语译文中保留汉语的发音以便突出原文的主要语言功能的翻译方法。
姑苏城外寒山寺,夜半钟声到客船。
Outside the city of Suzhou
Is resounding a distant knell.
It is Han Shan Monastery——
Towards us, tolling its midnight bell
1) 音意结合法
音意结合法是指在英语译文中几保留原文的发音又能体现原文的指称意义,以既谐音又谐意的方式达到功能相似。这种方法的使用一般有两种形式,一是在拼音之前或之后加上一个表意词;二是直接套用谐音谐意的英语单词。
例如:
绿丹兰
Ludanlan cosmetics
稳德福酒楼
Wonderful Restaurant
“索”牌(塑料绳具的商标)
solid
4、言内意义的概念与翻译
言内意义(intralingual meaning),或叫语篇意义(textual meaning)是指句子成分与句子成分之间或句子与句子之间的关系,它决定着行文的韵律节奏、如何衔接连贯,达到何种修辞效果,等等。主要表现在利用词素之间的语音关系所表现出来的韵律平仄、双声和押韵;利用词素之间的语义关系形成的谐音双关、一语双叙、拈连、仿似、飞白、排比、对偶、层递、设问、顶真、回环、倒装等修辞格和语序、句子的长短、句子结构的紧凑或松散都体现了句子成分之间的关系;篇章的层次、段落的排列组合、句式的变化、布局的和谐、语义的连贯、自然的衔接都体现了篇章内符号的关系,它们都是言内意义的体现。
几个译例:
1) 接受竟成了劫。(谐音双关)
Taking-over turns out to be loot-taking.
2)红雨随心翻作浪,
青山着意化为桥。(对偶 antithesis)
Crimson rain swirls in waves under our will,
Green mountains turn to bridge at our wish.
3)春蚕到死丝方尽,蜡炬成灰泪始干。(双关)
The silkworm till its death spins silk from love-sick heart;
The candle only when burnt has no tears to shed.
4)一个钻窗子进来的人,不管是偷东西还是偷情,早已决心来替你做个暂时的主人。(钱钟书《写在人生边上》)(拈连)
When there is someone coming in through the window, whether he is going to steal some property or steal somebody’s heart, he has decided that he will replace the host for a little while.
5、语用意义的概念与翻译
语用意义(pragmatic meaning)或交际意义(communicative meaning)是语言符号与其使用者之间的关系,包括表征意义、表达意义、社交意义、祈使意义和联想意义。是语言符号对人产生的影响,也就是常说的蕴含意义(connotative meaning)或联想意义(associative meaning)。语用意义在很大程度上受制于语言的社会文化环境。某一具体语言环境中出现的词语往往不仅具有指称意义、言内意义,还包含由此而衍生出的语用意义。
Homework for today
科学技术是人类共同创造的财富。任何一个民族,一个国家都需要学习别的民族别的国家的长处,学习人家的先进科学技术。我们不仅因为今天科学技术落后,需要努力向外国学习。即使我们的科学技术赶上了世界先进水平,也要学习人家的长处。
The End of the Class
Thank You |
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